外国直接投资对马拉维出口增长的影响分析

本文是一篇投资分析论文，笔者通过使用普通最小二乘法 (OLS) 和单位根检验技术方法，尼斯拉特派遣海外和外国直接投资对GDP的影响。审查行为的目的是调查马拉维的外国直接投资的利益。外国直接投资的目标是赚取最大的利润，并以行政能力、先进的专业知识、增加就业机会、增加政府回报和降低国内失业率为目的进行展示。
1  INTRODUCTION
1.1  Background of the Study
The vast majority of developing countries (DCs) offer financial inducements to entice foreign direct investment FDI because they consider FDI to be an important source of the money that is required for various projects (UNCTAD, T 2015). Since they have more cash and the flexibility to borrow from worldwide markets, firms that get direct investment from overseas investors are in a position to expand their manufacturing activities and, as a result, reap the benefits of economies of scale. 
Local enterprises who are beneficiaries of foreign direct investments have the opportunity to obtain access to the trade information that is made accessible to FDI companies by international industrial and commercial organizations. This not only boosts morale among local workers but also encourages businesses to become more productive, which in turn leads to an increase in the amount of goods that are exported. This is the effect that is caused indirectly (Jaumotte 2019). It is easier to use and exploit local resources; it introduces modern management and marketing techniques; it makes it easier to access new technologies; it can be used to finance current account deficits. These are some of the potential benefits that FDI can have on the economy of the host country.
The decision-makers in many nations, particularly those in emerging countries, have arrived at the conclusion that direct investment from outside is essential to the acceleration of economic progress. It is hypothesized that FDI can result in the creation of new job possibilities, an increase in the rate of technical advancement in a host nation, and an overall improvement in the economic situation of the country. 
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1.2  Statement of the Problem
Many financial studies have centered on analyzing the volume to which the glide of FDI will achieve the desired requirements, which we mentioned above. Many researchers don't forget that the importance of foreign direct investment reflects without delay with the aid of measuring the increase of exports. In fact, there may be great variation in research effects approximately the relationship between FDI and export. The end result confirms wonderful or bad consequences in two directions or only one direction, wherein a few studies located FDI has tremendous outcomes on export others determined the results come from Export on FDI and some research determined insignificant outcomes. This study therefore comes to analyze the impact of FDI on exports growth in Malawi. Besides measuring the effects of the most important variables on exports which are the real alternate price and Gross domestic product. 
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2  LITERATURE REVIEW EFFECTS OF FDI ON EXPORTS GROWTH
2.1  Theoretical Review
In the experimental literature, it has been extensively debated whether FDI has a positive effect on export growth, particularly in developing nations. The relationships between these variables are also explored using various methodologies. Each study's conclusion depends on the term chosen, how the data is processed, and other variables added to the model. To test the relationships between the provided variables, a straightforward linear regression method is used. The findings of relevant studies are then chosen and cited in this chapter. ...........................
2.2  Theory of multinational enterprise (MNE) 
The concept of multinational enterprise (MNE) looks into the conditions that allow firms to engage in FDI and become Multinational Enterprises. These decisions may have an impact on the host country's exports, and the goal of this section is to consult parts of this theory that predict the impact of inward FDI on the steward country's exports. Overall, the theory suggests that a positive effect of FDI on a host country's exports is possible when the labor intensities of the steward and base countries differ. In this case, the multinational enterprise (MNE) may outsource a portion of its production method to the steward country and then export these (interpose) products back to the base country (as well as other countries). Similarly, when the steward country has a cost advantage and low trade costs (in comparison to the home country's trade costs), the multinational enterprise may use the steward country as an export podium to serve its base market as well as other markets.
According to the philosophy of the multinational enterprise (MNE), businesses must possess certain advantages in order to become MNE corporations. (J.H., 2010) arranged these benefits into three groups: (a) Possession advantage, which describes a situation in which a multinational business (MNE) possesses a good product or production technique that gives it a competitive advantage abroad. In order to maintain its competitive advantage, the multinational enterprise must shift manufacturing abroad, (b) Location-specific advantage that indicates that the multinational must locate production abroad to preserve its competitive advantage, (c) Inter-navigation advantage that propose that the MNE has an incentive to exploit its ownership advantage internally. 
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3 OVERVIEW OF FDI AND EXPORT GROWTH IN MALAWI .......... 17
3.1 Economy Performance rank in Malawi ...................... 17
3.2 Investment Opportunities ............................. 21
3.3 Export and FDI ......................... 22
4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................... 27
4.1 Research Design .............................. 27
4.2 Data Collection Methods ............................. 27
4.3 Data Analysis .............................. 27
5 RESEARCH RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION ............................. 30
5.1 Data Description and Variable ............................ 30
5.2 Descriptive Statistics ............................ 30
5  RESEARCH RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
5.1  Data Description and Variable
This chapter shows data analysis of the feedback from secondary data. It shows the variable data of the study used in this research as well as the feedback of the data analysis founded on the aim of this research. The research managed to collect some big amount of information on the variable existence studied on Malawi in which Export (EXP) is the dependent variable, while the independent variables are foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), official exchange rate (EXR). Furthermore, in addition data was taken from World Bank, and UNCTAD, NBS, BOSS, about Malawi as well Malawi see table 5.1 above. 
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6  CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1  Conclusion
The observe ambitions to determine whether or not foreign direct investment (FDI) is an alternative or a supplement to exports. The results show that (FDI) is connected to a complementary courting with exports in Malawi. The examined additionally found out a few essential outcomes which include: 
The quantitative analysis proves that FDI has a superb and high large impact on exports in the end, wherein a 1% boom in FDI outcomes in an approximately 1 % increase in exports.
Real exchange rate indicates a nice and notably good-sized effect on FDI. Wherein a 1 % boom in real alternate rate ends in a 3.1 % growth in exports and the gross domestic product led to zero.626 expansion in exports.
The examined famous that the signs of the connection among variables except FDI are similar to ultimately. In which we discover that FDI is inside the brief run insignificant due to the fact its results on export need honestly time. However, a 1 % alternate inside the actual alternate fee leads to a 1. five% growth in exports. And a 1 % change in gross domestic product ends in a 0.31 % growth inside the exports inside the brief run that is much less alternate than ultimately.
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